Both payroll employment (+29,000) and unemployment rate (4.2%) change little in September

Both nonfarm payroll employment (+29,000) and the unemployment rate (4.2 percent) changed little in 
September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in all major industries 
changed little over the month.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million, 
changed little in September. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.1 percent to 
4.3 percent since March. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for people who are Black (7.0 percent)
increased in September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.9 percent), adult women (3.6 percent), 
teenagers (14.5 percent), and people who are White (3.6 percent), Asian (2.9 percent), or Hispanic 
(4.7 percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 
at 1.9 million in September. The long-term unemployed accounted for 27.1 percent of all unemployed 
people. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 61.8 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 
59.2 percent, changed little in September. These measures showed little net change since January. 
(See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons changed little at 4.5 million in 
September. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time 
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In September, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job changed little 
at 5.8 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively 
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See 
table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to 
the labor force decreased by 236,000 to 1.5 million in September. These individuals wanted and were 
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed little over the 
month at 414,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in September (+29,000), following an average 
monthly gain of 45,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment in all major industries changed little 
over the month. (See table B-1.)

Health care employment continued its upward trend in September (+17,000), but at a slower pace than 
the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+33,000). In September, employment continued to 
trend up in ambulatory health care services (+13,000) and in hospitals (+12,000), while nursing and 
residential care facilities lost jobs (-9,000).

Employment in construction changed little in September (+11,000). The industry had added an average 
of 10,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. In September, employment in nonresidential 
specialty trade contractors continued to trend up (+12,000).

Manufacturing employment was little changed in September (+9,000) but is up by 72,000 since a 
recent low in December 2025. Over the month, employment increased in plastics and rubber products
manufacturing (+5,000) and in machinery manufacturing (+5,000).

In September, financial activities employment was little changed (-7,000). Employment in financial 
activities is down by 129,000 since a recent peak in May 2025, with most of the job loss in 
insurance carriers and related activities (-90,000).

Employment also showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and 
warehousing; information; professional and business services; social assistance; leisure and 
hospitality; other services; and government.

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 5 
cents, or 0.1 percent, to $37.81. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased 
by 3.0 percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 
nonsupervisory employees rose by 7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $32.60. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.4 hours in 
September. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.6 hours, and overtime held at 
3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm 
payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down by 31,000, from +21,000 to 
-10,000, and the change for August was revised down by 29,000, from +162,000 to +133,000. With 
these revisions, employment in July and August combined is 60,000 lower than previously reported. 
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)